What happens to your house in chapter 13

If you declare bankruptcy, there are established procedures of due process. You don’t automatically lose your house. Nor is your loan accelerated to automatically become due if you’ve been current up to this point on your payments.

Up next, let’s take a look at how bankruptcy affects your current mortgage.

How Does Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Affect My Existing Mortgage?

When you file Chapter 7, your existing property will be deemed exempt or nonexempt. Exempt means you’ll be able to keep the property throughout the bankruptcy process, as long as you can catch up and stay current on your payments.

Nonexempt means you’ll be required to surrender the property or pay its value in cash as a part of the bankruptcy. In some cases, homeowners are allowed to keep nonexempt properties. It all depends on the bankruptcy trustee and how they choose to handle the property.

To understand how Chapter 7 bankruptcy impacts a home mortgage, you must first understand the difference between a loan and a lien.

When you get a mortgage, your mortgage company gives you a loan. The lender lets you borrow money in order to buy a property. When the mortgage company does this, it places a lien on the property. A lien is a right or interest in the property that the lender has until the debt (or loan) is paid in full.

When you file Chapter 7, you’re no longer legally obligated to repay the loan. “Legally obligated” is the key phrase here because Chapter 7 doesn’t get rid of the lien on the property. Your lender still has a right to the property if the debt isn’t paid.

So basically, you don’t have to pay your mortgage. But if you don’t, you will lose your property because your lender will likely enforce the lien they have. If you are able to keep your home as part of Chapter 7, it’s probably a good idea to do everything in your power to keep paying your mortgage loan.

How Are Exemptions Determined In A Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?

Since your house must be considered exempt from the bankruptcy for you to have the most favorable scenario for keeping it, knowing how exemptions are determined is critical. State or federal homestead exemptions determine how your home is handled in a bankruptcy. While specifics will vary by state, here’s how the exemption works.

There’s usually a certain period of time that you must live in the house before it can be considered for an exemption. For example, if you file under the federal statute, you must own the home for 40 months.

The second key determinant for an exemption is the amount of equity you have in the home, which requires knowing your home value. State and federal statutes let you exempt a certain amount of equity from being used by a trustee to pay off creditors and lenders. The exact amount that you can protect will vary from state to state.

Be sure to check the law in your state. Certain states allow you to double the amount of equity exempted if you file for bankruptcy jointly as a married couple.

It’s especially important to remember that if you have so much equity that you fall above the exemption amount, your bankruptcy trustee may choose to sell your home to pay back creditors. They’ll pay you back for any exempted equity following the sale, but you’ll have to find a new home.

In certain situations, you may have the option of reaffirming the debt to avoid losing the house if you continue making your payments. However, it’s best to talk with your bankruptcy attorney and mortgage servicer about your options and how to handle the process.

There are instances where you may have options in deciding which exemption rules apply, so speaking with your bankruptcy attorney is always wise.

What About Chapter 13? What Happens With My Existing Mortgage?

With a chapter 13 bankruptcy, you won’t lose your property. You’ll include details in your repayment plan on how you plan on paying your mortgage. In most cases, an automatic stay is issued once Chapter 13 is filed. An automatic stay means that creditors must stop collection efforts.

The stay was designed to temporarily halt foreclosure and stop repossession of homes regardless of what stage the foreclosure proceedings are in. For homeowners with too much equity to qualify for a homestead exemption in their jurisdiction, this is an advantage of a Chapter 13 filing.

There are a couple of important caveats to be aware of here: First, you must stay current on any mortgage payments that are due after the filing. If you’re behind on your payments, you can include missed payments in your reorganization plan, but you have to make sure you pay all these debts back by the end of your plan timeline.

Whether you can keep your property in bankruptcy depends on whether you file for Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy.

For the most part, you keep your property in Chapter 13 bankruptcy.  

If you file under Chapter 7, you may have to give up some property (although many filers keep most, if not all, of their property). This mostly depends on whether your property is exempt. To learn more, be sure to check out  our section on  Bankruptcy Exemptions. If your property serves as collateral for a debt (such as your mortgage or car loan), there are other considerations.

Below you'll find articles explaining what happens to your property in both Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy, and links to other sections with more in-depth articles.  

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