Triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid medication used topically to treat various skin conditions,[2] to relieve the discomfort of mouth sores, and by injection into joints to treat various joint conditions. It is also injected into lesions to treat inflammation in some parts of the body, particularly the skin. In nasal spray form, it is used to treat allergic rhinitis. It is used for the treatment of macular edema associated with uveitis.[1] It is a more potent derivative of triamcinolone, and is about eight times as potent as prednisone.[3] It is also known under the brand names Kenalog (topical) and Volon A as an injection, to treat allergies, arthritis, eye diseases, intestinal problems, and skin diseases. Most forms of triamcinolone acetonide are prescription drugs. In 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) made triamcinolone acetonide an over-the-counter drug in the United States in nasal spray form under the brand name Nasacort.[3] Medical uses[edit]Triamcinolone acetonide as an intra-articular injectable has been used to treat a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. When applied to the skin as a topical ointment, it is used to mitigate blistering from poison ivy, oak, and sumac.[citation needed] When combined with nystatin, it is used to treat skin infections with discomfort from fungus, though it should not be used on the eyes.[4] It provides relatively immediate relief and is used before using oral prednisone. Oral and dental paste preparations are used for treating aphthous ulcers. As an intravitreal injection, triamcinolone acetonide has been used to treat various eye diseases and has been found useful in reducing macular edema.[5] Drug trials have found it to be as efficient as anti-VEGF drugs in eyes with artificial lenses over a two-year period. A systematic review did not find any evidence of any benefit in preventing vision loss in eyes treated with triamcinolone acetonide over placebo, for patients with age-related macular degeneration.[6] Triamcinolone acetonide is also administered via intralesional injection in the treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars.[7][8] Uncommonly, intramuscular injection of triamcinolone acetonide may be indicated for the control of severe or incapacitating allergic states for which conventional treatments have failed, such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis, serum sickness, and transfusion and drug hypersensitivity reactions. Contraindications[edit]Evidence suggests that usage of triamcinolone acetonide or other steroids to treat macular edema increases the risk of increasing intraocular pressure in patients.[9] Triamcinolone acetonide should not be used by those with tuberculosis or untreated fungal, bacterial, systemic viral or herpes simplex infections without consulting a doctor first. Doping[edit]Triamcinolone acetonide, when given orally, rectally, intramuscularly or intravenously, is a banned substance in competitive sports, as it reduces weight and increases strength and endurance. Several Kenyan marathon runners have been found to have taken the drug, including 2021 Boston Marathon winner Diana Kipyokei.[10] Pharmacology[edit]Pharmacodynamics[edit]Triamcinolone acetonide is a corticosteroid. It is specifically a glucocorticoid, or an agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor, that is about five times as potent as cortisol. It has very little mineralocorticoid effects.[11] The affinities of triamcinolone acetonide for the androgen and estrogen receptors are both <0.1% (relative to testosterone and estradiol).[12] However, triamcinolone acetonide has 15% of the affinity of progesterone for the progesterone receptor.[12] In relation to this, triamcinolone acetonide can produce endocrine side effects like ovulation inhibition and menstrual irregularities.[13][14][15] Chemistry[edit]Triamcinolone acetonide, also known as 9α-fluoro-16α-hydroxyprednisolone 16α,17α-acetonide or as 9α-fluoro-11β,16α-17α,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione cyclic 16,17-acetal with acetone, is a synthetic halogenated cyclic ketal pregnane corticosteroid.[16] It is the C16α,17α acetonide of triamcinolone.[16] Veterinary use[edit]Triamcinolone acetonide is also used in veterinary medicine as an ingredient in topical ointments and in topical sprays for control of pruritus in dogs.[17] A series of injections with triamcinolone acetonide or another corticosteroid may reduce keloid size and irritation. It is used as a preinductor and/or inductor of birth in cows. It was also used in the horse racing industry, but it is now a banned substance if found in a horse's system on race day.[18] See also[edit]
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Do you need a prescription for triamcinolone cream?Triamcinolone topical is used to help relieve redness, itching, swelling, or other discomfort caused by skin conditions. This medicine is a corticosteroid (cortisone-like medicine or steroid). This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.
Where should you not apply triamcinolone acetonide cream?Do not use it on skin areas that have cuts, scrapes, or burns. If it does get on these areas, rinse it off right away with water. If you or your child are using the spray form on or near the face, protect your nose to avoid breathing it in and make sure that your eyes are covered.
What skin conditions does triamcinolone treat?Triamcinolone topical is used to treat the itching, redness, dryness, crusting, scaling, inflammation, and discomfort of various skin conditions, including psoriasis (a skin disease in which red, scaly patches form on some areas of the body and eczema (a skin disease that causes the skin to be dry and itchy and to ...
Is triamcinolone better than hydrocortisone?He and his co-workers found that in 28 of 30 patients the 0.01% triamcinolone was as effective or more effective than the 1% hydrocortisone, that is, in 10 of 30 the 0.01% triamcinolone was superior; in 18 of 30 the lotions were equally effective.
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